There really isn’t a whole lot to this one other than plotting a few points between 0 and , then repeat.  Remember cosine has a period of   (see Problem 6 in Trig Function Evaluation).

Here’s the graph for .

Notice that graph does repeat itself 4 times in this range of x’s as it should.

Let’s also note here that we can put all values of x into cosine (which won’t be the case for most of the trig functions) and let’s also note that

It is important to notice that cosine will never be larger than 1 or smaller than -1.  This will be useful on occasion in a calculus class.

We need to be a little careful with this graph.   has a period of , but we’re not dealing with  here.  We are dealing with .  In this case notice that if we plug in  we will get

In this case the function starts to repeat itself after  instead of !  So, this function has a period of .  So, we can expect the graph to repeat itself 8 times in the range .  Here is that graph.

Sure enough, there are twice as many cycles in this graph.

In general we can get the period of  using the following.

If  we can expect a period smaller than  and so the graph will oscillate faster.  Likewise, if  we can expect a period larger than  and so the graph will oscillate slower.

Note that the period does not affect how large cosine will get.  We still have

In this case I added a 5 in front of the cosine.  All that this will do is increase how big cosine will get.  The number in front of the cosine or sine is called the amplitude.  Here’s the graph of this function.

Note the scale on the y-axis for this problem and do not confuse it with the previous graph.  The y-axis scales are different!

In general,

As with the first problem in this section there really isn’t a lot to do other than graph it.  Here is the graph on the range .

From this graph we can see that sine has the same range that cosine does.  In general

As with cosine, sine itself will never be larger than 1 and never smaller than -1.

So, in this case we don’t have just an x inside the parenthesis.  Just as in the case of cosine we can get the period of  by using

In this case the curve will repeat every .  So, for this graph I’ll change the range to  so we can get at least two traces of the curve showing.  Here is the graph.

In the case of tangent we have to be careful when plugging x’s in since tangent doesn’t exist wherever cosine is zero (remember that  ).  Tangent will not exist at

and the graph will have asymptotes at these points.  Here is the graph of tangent on the range .

Finally, a couple of quick properties about .

For the period remember that  has a period of  unlike sine and cosine and that accounts for the absence of the 2 in the numerator that was there for sine and cosine.

As with tangent we will have to avoid x’s for which cosine is zero (remember that  ).  Secant will not exist at

and the graph will have asymptotes at these points.  Here is the graph of secant on the range .

Notice that the graph is always greater than 1 and less than -1.  This should not be terribly surprising.  Recall that .  So, 1 divided by something less than 1 will be greater than 1.   Also,  and so we get the following ranges out of secant.

For this graph we will have to avoid x’s where sine is zero .  So, the graph of cosecant will not exist for

Here is the graph of cosecant.

Cosecant will have the same range as secant.

Cotangent must avoid

since we will have division by zero at these points.  Here is the graph.

Cotangent has the following range.