To do this all we need to do is factor out the largest power of \(x\) from the whole polynomial and then use basic limit properties along with Fact 1 from this section to evaluate the limit.

\[\begin{align*}\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \, - \infty } \left( {4{x^7} - 18{x^3} + 9} \right) & = \mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \, - \infty } \left[ {{x^7}\left( {4 - \frac{{18}}{{{x^4}}} + \frac{9}{{{x^7}}}} \right)} \right]\\ & = \left( {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \, - \infty } {x^7}} \right)\left[ {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \, - \infty } \left( {4 - \frac{{18}}{{{x^4}}} + \frac{9}{{{x^7}}}} \right)} \right] = \left( { - \infty } \right)\left( 4 \right) = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{ - \infty }}\end{align*}\]

For this part all of the mathematical manipulations we did in the first part did not depend upon the limit itself and so don’t need to be redone here. We can pick up the problem right before we actually took the limits and then proceed.

\[\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \,\infty } \left( {4{x^7} - 18{x^3} + 9} \right) = \left( {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \,\infty } {x^7}} \right)\left[ {\mathop {\lim }\limits_{x \to \,\infty } \left( {4 - \frac{{18}}{{{x^4}}} + \frac{9}{{{x^7}}}} \right)} \right] = \left( \infty \right)\left( 4 \right) = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{\infty }\]