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### Section 7-4 : More on the Augmented Matrix

6. For the following system of equations convert the system into an augmented matrix and use the augmented matrix techniques to determine the solution to the system or to determine if the system is inconsistent or dependent.

\begin{align*}2x + 3y & = 20\\ 7x + 2y & = 53\end{align*}

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Start Solution

The first step is to write down the augmented matrix for the system of equations.

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}2&3&{20}\\7&2&{53}\end{array}} \right]$ Show Step 2

We need to make the number in the upper left corner a one. There are several ways to do this. One way would be to use the elementary row operation $$\frac{1}{2}{R_{\,1}}$$. However, this would put fractions into the other two entries in the first row and it might be nice to avoid them.

While this may seem to not be of any use let’s take a look at the following elementary row operation.

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}2&3&{20}\\7&2&{53}\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{R_{\,2}} - 3{R_{\,1}} \to {R_{\,2}}}\\ \to \end{array}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}2&3&{20}\\1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\end{array}} \right]$

This operation worked on the second row instead of the first row that we need to work on. Note however, that we did put a 1 in the lower number of the first column. We need a 1 in the upper number of the first column and we can do that now simply by switching rows as follows,

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}2&3&{20}\\1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{R_{\,1}} \leftrightarrow {R_{\,2}}}\\ \to \end{array}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\2&3&{20}\end{array}} \right]$

Note that as this step has shown there are several different paths to do these problems. Some will result in “messier” intermediate steps, but the solution we get in the end will be the same regardless of the path we chose to follow in the solution process.

Show Step 3

Next, we need to convert the 2 below the 1 into a zero and we can do that with the following elementary row operation.

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\2&3&{20}\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{R_{\,2}} - 2{R_{\,1}} \to {R_{\,2}}}\\ \to \end{array}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\0&{17}&{34}\end{array}} \right]$ Show Step 4

The next step is to turn the number at the bottom of the second column (17 in this case) into a one. The following elementary row operation will do that for us.

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\0&{17}&{34}\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\frac{1}{{17}}{R_{\,2}}}\\ \to \end{array}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\0&1&2\end{array}} \right]$ Show Step 5

Finally, we need to convert the number above the one we got in Step 4 into a zero. To do that we can use the following elementary row operation.

$\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&{ - 7}&{ - 7}\\0&1&2\end{array}} \right]\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{{R_{\,2}} + 7{R_{\,1}} \to {R_{\,2}}}\\ \to \end{array}\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\left[ {\begin{array}{rr|r}1&0&7\\0&1&2\end{array}} \right]$ Show Step 6

From the final augmented matrix we found in Step 5 we get the solution to the system is : $$\require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{x = 7,\,\,y = 2}}$$.