Paul's Online Notes
Paul's Online Notes
Home / Calculus II / 3-Dimensional Space / Spherical Coordinates
Show Mobile Notice Show All Notes Hide All Notes
Mobile Notice
You appear to be on a device with a "narrow" screen width (i.e. you are probably on a mobile phone). Due to the nature of the mathematics on this site it is best viewed in landscape mode. If your device is not in landscape mode many of the equations will run off the side of your device (you should be able to scroll/swipe to see them) and some of the menu items will be cut off due to the narrow screen width.

Section 12.13 : Spherical Coordinates

4. Convert the following equation written in Cartesian coordinates into an equation in Spherical coordinates.

\[{x^2} + {y^2} = 4x + z - 2\]

Show All Steps Hide All Steps

Start Solution

All we need to do here is plug in the following conversion formulas into the equation and do a little simplification.

\[x = \rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta \hspace{0.5in}y = \rho \sin \varphi \sin \theta \hspace{0.5in}z = \rho \cos \varphi \] Show Step 2

Plugging the conversion formula in gives,

\[{\left( {\rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta } \right)^2} + {\left( {\rho \sin \varphi \sin \theta } \right)^2} = 4\left( {\rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta } \right) + \rho \cos \varphi - 2\]

The first two terms can be simplified as follows.

\[\begin{align*}{\rho ^2}{\sin ^2}\varphi {\cos ^2}\theta + {\rho ^2}{\sin ^2}\varphi {\sin ^2}\theta & = 4\rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta + \rho \cos \varphi - 2\\ {\rho ^2}{\sin ^2}\varphi \left( {{{\cos }^2}\theta + {{\sin }^2}\theta } \right) & = 4\rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta + \rho \cos \varphi - 2\\ {\rho ^2}{\sin ^2}\varphi & = 4\rho \sin \varphi \cos \theta + \rho \cos \varphi - 2\end{align*}\]