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Section 4.6 : Transformations

4. Use transformations to sketch the graph of the following function.

\[f\left( x \right) = {\left( {x - 5} \right)^2}\]

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Let’s first identify the “base” function (i.e. the function we are transforming). In this case it looks like we are transforming \(g\left( x \right) = {x^2}\) .

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The function that have here looks like it can be written as,

\[f\left( x \right) = {\left( {x - 5} \right)^2} = g\left( {x - 5} \right)\]

Therefore, we can see that the graph of \(f\left( x \right)\) is simply going to be the graph of \(g\left( x \right)\) shifted right by 5.

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Here is a sketch of both the base function (blue dashed curve) and the function we were asked to graph (red solid curve).

The graphs of the base function \(g\left( x \right) = {x^2}\), the blue dashed curve, and \(f\left( x \right) = {\left( {x - 5} \right)^2}\), the red solid curve.  Both are upward opening parabolas of exactly the same shape, but the vertex of the dashed parabola is at the origin while the vertex of the solid parabola has been shifted 5 units to the right to \(\left( {5,0} \right)\).