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Section 16.3 : Line Integrals - Part II

2. Evaluate \( \displaystyle \int\limits_{C}{{2y\,dx + \left( {1 - x} \right)\,dy}}\) where \(C\) is portion of \(y = 1 - {x^3}\) from \(x = - 1\) to \(x = 2\).

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Here is a quick sketch of \(C\) with the direction specified in the problem statement shown.

A sketch of the curve \(C\), the portion of \(y = 1 - {x^3}\) from \(x = -1\) to \(x = 2\).  The curve starts at (-1,2), decreases and flattens out at (0,1), crosses the \(x\)-axis at (1,0) and then decreases steeply to (2,-7).  The arrows along it point in the direction of increasing \(x\).
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Next, we need to parameterize the curve.

\[\vec r\left( t \right) = \left\langle {t,1 - {t^3}} \right\rangle \hspace{0.25in} - 1 \le t \le 2\]
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Now we need to evaluate the line integral. Be careful with this type of line integral. In this case we have both a \(dx\) and a \(dy\) in the integrand. Recall that this is just a simplified notation for,

\[ \displaystyle \int\limits_{C}{{2y\,dx + \left( {1 - x} \right)\,dy}} = \int\limits_{C}{{2y\,dx}} + \int\limits_{C}{{1 - x\,dy}}\]

Then all we need to do is recall that \(dx = x'\,dt\) and \(dy = y'\,dt\) when we convert the line integral into a “standard” integral.

So, let’s evaluate the line integral. Just remember to “plug in” the parameterization into the integrand (i.e. replace the \(x\) and \(y\) in the integrand with the \(x\) and \(y\) components of the parameterization) and to convert the differentials properly.

Here is the line integral.

\[\begin{align*}\int\limits_{C}{{2y\,dx + \left( {1 - x} \right)\,dy}} &= \int\limits_{C}{{2y\,dx}} + \int\limits_{C}{{1 - x\,dy}}\\ & = \int_{{ - 1}}^{2}{{2\left( {1 - {t^3}} \right)\,\,\left( 1 \right)\,dt}} + \int_{{ - 1}}^{2}{{\left( {1 - t} \right)\,\,\left( { - 3{t^2}} \right)\,dt}}\\ & = \int_{{ - 1}}^{2}{{2\left( {1 - {t^3}} \right)\,dt}} - 3\int_{{ - 1}}^{2}{{{t^2} - {t^3}\,dt}}\\ & = \int_{{ - 1}}^{2}{{{t^3} - 3{t^2} + 2\,dt}}\\ & = \left. {\left[ {\frac{1}{4}{t^4} - {t^3} + 2t} \right]} \right|_{ - 1}^2 = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{\frac{3}{4}}}\end{align*}\]

Note that, in this case, we combined the two integrals into a single integral prior to actually evaluating the integral. This doesn’t need to be done but can, on occasion, simplify the integrand and hence the evaluation of the integral.