Now because our surface is a sphere we’ll need to parameterize it and use the following formula for the surface integral.

\[\iint\limits_{S}{{f\left( {x,y,z} \right)\,dS}} = \iint\limits_{D}{{f\left( {\vec r\left( {u,v} \right)} \right)\left\| {{{\vec r}_u} \times {{\vec r}_v}} \right\|\,dA}}\]

where \(u\) and \(v\) will be chosen as needed when doing the parameterization.

We saw how to parameterize a sphere in the previous section so we won’t go into detail for the parameterization. The parameterization is,

\[\vec r\left( {\theta ,\varphi } \right) = \left\langle {3\sin \varphi \cos \theta ,3\sin \varphi \sin \theta ,3\cos \varphi } \right\rangle \hspace{0.25in}\,\,\,\,\,\frac{1}{2}\pi \le \theta \le \pi ,\,\,\,\,\,0 \le \varphi \le \frac{1}{2}\pi \]

We needed the restriction on \(\varphi \) to make sure that we only get a portion of the upper half of the sphere (i.e.\(z \ge 0\)). Likewise the restriction on \(\theta \) was needed to get only the portion that was in the 2^nd quadrant of the \(xy\)-plane (i.e. \(x \le 0\) and \(y \ge 0\)).

Next, we’ll need to compute the cross product.

\[{\vec r_\theta } = \left\langle { - 3\sin \varphi \sin \theta ,3\sin \varphi \cos \theta ,0} \right\rangle \hspace{0.25in}\hspace{0.25in}{\vec r_\varphi } = \left\langle {3\cos \varphi \cos \theta ,3\cos \varphi \sin \theta , - 3\sin \varphi } \right\rangle \] \[\begin{align*}{{\vec r}_\theta } \times {{\vec r}_\varphi } & = \left| {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}}{\vec i}&{\vec j}&{\vec k}\\{ - 3\sin \varphi \sin \theta }&{3\sin \varphi \cos \theta }&0\\{3\cos \varphi \cos \theta }&{3\cos \varphi \sin \theta }&{ - 3\sin \varphi }\end{array}} \right|\\ & = - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,\vec i - 9\sin \varphi \cos \varphi {\sin ^2}\theta \vec k - 9\sin \varphi \cos \varphi {\cos ^2}\theta \vec k - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \sin \theta \vec j\\ & = - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,\vec i - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \sin \theta \vec j - 9\sin \varphi \cos \varphi \left( {{{\sin }^2}\theta + {{\cos }^2}\theta } \right)\vec k\\ & = - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,\vec i - 9{\sin ^2}\varphi \sin \theta \vec j - 9\sin \varphi \cos \varphi \vec k\end{align*}\]

The magnitude of the cross product is,

\[\begin{align*}\left\| {{{\vec r}_\theta } \times {{\vec r}_\varphi }} \right\| & = \sqrt {{{\left( { - 9{{\sin }^2}\varphi \cos \theta } \right)}^2} + {{\left( { - 9{{\sin }^2}\varphi \sin \theta } \right)}^2} + {{\left( { - 9\sin \varphi \cos \varphi } \right)}^2}} \\ & = \sqrt {81{{\sin }^4}\varphi \left( {{{\cos }^2}\theta + {{\sin }^2}\theta } \right) + 81{{\sin }^2}\varphi {{\cos }^2}\varphi } \\ & = \sqrt {81{{\sin }^2}\varphi \left( {{{\sin }^2}\varphi + {{\cos }^2}\varphi } \right)} \\ & = 9\left| {\sin \varphi } \right|\\ & = 9\sin \varphi \end{align*}\]

The integral is then,

\[\iint\limits_{S}{{xz\,dS}} = \iint\limits_{D}{{\left( {3\sin \varphi \cos \theta } \right)\left( {3\cos \varphi } \right)\left( {9\sin \varphi } \right)\,dA}} = \iint\limits_{D}{{81\cos \varphi {{\sin }^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,dA}}\]

Don’t forget to plug the \(x\) and \(z\) component of the surface parameterization into the integrand and \(D\) is just the limits on \(\theta \) and \(\varphi \) we noted above in the parameterization.

Show Step 3

Now all that we need to do is evaluate the double integral and that shouldn’t be too difficult at this point.

The integral is then,

\[\begin{align*}\iint\limits_{S}{{xz\,dS}} & = \iint\limits_{D}{{81\cos \varphi {{\sin }^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,dA}}\\ & = \int_{{\frac{1}{2}\pi }}^{\pi }{{\int_{0}^{{\frac{1}{2}\pi }}{{81\cos \varphi {{\sin }^2}\varphi \cos \theta \,d\varphi }}\,d\theta }}\\ & = \int_{{\frac{1}{2}\pi }}^{\pi }{{\left. {\left( {27{{\sin }^3}\varphi \cos \theta \,d\varphi } \right)} \right|_0^{\frac{1}{2}\pi }\,d\theta }}\\ & = \int_{{\frac{1}{2}\pi }}^{\pi }{{27\cos \theta \,d\theta }}\\ & = \left. {\left( {27\sin \theta } \right)} \right|_{\frac{1}{2}\pi }^\pi = \require{bbox} \bbox[2pt,border:1px solid black]{{ - 27}}\end{align*}\]